Sunday, 16 October 2011

The walls are coming down

This post is in response to an article in the Weekend Australian Magazine:  Funky School (Overington, 2011).  It foregrounds the move by numerous schools across Australia towards learning in agile spaces; that is, spaces where students can choose what they learn, with whom they will learn, and where they will learn (inside the classroom or outside).  Naturally, these spaces are conducive to the use of mobile technology:  laptops, iPods, iPads.   Whitby (Executive Director of Schools for the Diocese of Parramatta, as cited by Overington, 2011) argues as does Davidson (2011, p.12), "[our] economy ... has been transformed irrevocably by globalisation and the changes wrought by the information age.  If kids must face the challenges of this new, global, distributed information economy, what are we doing to structure the classroom of the twenty-first century to help them?"




The answer at Our Lady of Lourdes School, in Sydney, is to have these open spaces with 120 students and three teachers working together to learn.





The concern raised in the article centres around the experimental nature of the spaces.   "Walls came down" in the 1970s and open learning spaces were all the rage; until the walls came back up because the spaces were considered a failure.  Donnelly (Director of the Education Standards Institute in Melbourne, as cited in Overington, 2011) explains that the reason open learning failed was because students, especially primary aged and particularly boys, require structure, direction; they need rote.  Overington (2011) goes on to report that this time around it is different; technology has changed how these spaces can operate.  Although she does not report how technology has changed the use of open learning spaces, she does allude to how students appear engaged and focused on learning activities when she does visit these spaces.  However, those who are hesitant about these areas state that evidence is required to substantiate such assertions.  Indeed, how will relevant outcomes be determined?  From where will this evidence come?  NAPLAN?  Most realise that there is more to learning than can be examined by such a test.


Teaching is more complex than just having access to technology, infrastructure or spaces.  Poor pedagogical practices cannot hide behind technology.  I heard a story about a young teacher who complained to the Directory of Studies at her school,  "I can't teach.  My laptop's not working."  One thing is certain though; I agree with Turner (cited by Overington, 2011) when he states that spaces, technology or infrastructure alone will not deliver results.  He explains that it is about the teachers, the quality of the pedagogy in the classroom, "If you can get that right, you can pretty much teach in a tent."  However, throw in WiFi and that tent looks more attractive. 

What do you think?

Ever had a student yell “ AYSOS” at you?

Or maybe they have told you they thought you were ACORN, pardon me?????   

If your student or child wrote a message for you with these letters in it would you know what it means?  Would you know a quick easy way to find out what it means?  

Texting and IM (instant messaging) are now so commonly used by teens that it is important to have a basic understanding of what some common codes mean. 

I know the first time I received a text that ended with mwah, I wasn’t sure I if I should be offended or pleased that the person had sent this to me.  Luckily I was able to quickly find out that the person was sending me a text kiss (mwah, the sound you make when you kiss). 

My husband was convinced for months that his teenage nephew loved him lots because he kept ending his text messages with LOL, which he presumed meant lots of love.  He was a bit miffed when he found that that LOL actually meant Laugh Out Loud and he was actually laughing at him.
   
Bands are even using this shorthand for their names, eg. LMFAO, sounds like a cool name but is the translation appropriate for my young son?  No, turns out it’s not.  It translates to Laughing My Fu*#ing Ass Off. 
Teachers and parents need to be aware of what common shorthand codes are in order to work out if what children are writing is appropriate or if it something that they should be concerned about. 
A handy online tool to help you decode texting and messenger shorthand is http://www.netlingo.com/acronyms.php, this site is not suitable for younger children but is certainly a handy tool for teachers and parents.  

Maybe we are all a little ACORN at times!!  Certainly the makers of this video Texting for Seniors are. Enjoy ;-)  



Image credit on blog post -


Embracing the Modern Day Swiss Army Knife


Mobile phones are no longer simply used as a means of communication.  They are now used for a vast array of functions including games, photos, as a calculator, street directory, stops watch, alarm clock, music player, calendar and to connect to the internet; hence the reason they have called the modern day Swiss army knife. 

Dr. Patricia Wallace, Ph.D. in her jounal article M-Learning: Promises, Perils, and Challenges for K-12 Education explains that mobile learning is the next stage in technology enhanced learning, because the devices are much more ‘promising compared to the desktop or laptop computer’.  When discussing mobile learning it is important to acknowldge that this is not limited to mobile phones and that MP3 players and other handheld devices certainly play an important role; however the mobile phone offers more ‘versatility and convergence’ thefore for this discussion, the focus is soley on the mobile phone.

A report by the Australian Communication and Media Authority titled Convergence and Communications highlighted the value that Australian consumers place on mobility and convenience which was  demonstrated by strong levels of mobile-phone ownership.  The relativly low costs of mobile phones has lead to their widespread adoption in comparion to desktop or laptop computers.  While many lower income homes may not have a computer at home for children to access the internet for school assignments most while will one or more mobile phones. 

The major problem that mobile learning is facing in Australia and many other countries is that most schools expected mobile phones to be handed to the office on the way in and collected on the way out.  They are seen as a distraction and not considered for their educational purposes and endless potential.  Aidan McCarthy, a learning technologies expert,  states that schools who simply ban mobile phones from the classroom are failing to provide children a 21st century education.  He goes onto to explain the importance of  educators keeping up with the children of today and allowing them to express themselves with the contemporary tools that are available such as mobile phones.

In May this year Christian Brothers' College in St Kilda East did something which was seen as radical when it decided to  overturned its ban on students bringing mobile phones to school.  It was not a decision that the school took lightly, however the reality was that their students (like most other teens) were bringing their mobiles to school anyway and hiding them.   The school therefore decided it was time to embrace the technology and use it to their advantage.  Principal Gerald Bain-King is quoted in The Age as saying ''If there is too big a disconnect between school and the rest of society, people start to think we have got our heads in the sand - and the boys think we are even bigger idiots than they do normally".

I certainly do not mean to over simplify the issue and do not pretent that the introuduction of mobile learning into schools would not be without problems or challenges. The first being the wide variety of mobile phone operating systems that are available, as well as the need for relaible networks and adequate wifi access points. Another issue that I had not considered before reading M-Learning: Promises, Perils, and Challenges for K-12 Education was the battle between software companies, in this instance Apple and Adobe. Wallace states that Adobe owns the Flash platform, which is widely used by educators to create interactive learning applications and videos. However Apple has refused to allow iPhones and iPads to run the Flash player, citing security concerns. It is hoped that this issue will be resolved in the near future but for now it puts educators in a quandary about which tools to use.

Technical issues aside the major reason that so many schools chose to ban mobile phones is due to the feared distraction they will create during class time.It would come as no surprise to anyone that a ringing phone during a class lesson is going to cause disruption.There are also concerns over other inappropriate useages of phones at schools such as cyberbullying, and students capturing embarrassing videos or photos of others, and then posting them online.

Schools that are currently using mobile learning programs have addressed these possible problems by requiring students to sign contracts about their mobile phone usage at school with priviallages being taken away if the contracts are broken.  Just as teachers are required to monitor and manage student behavior in the physical relm so to is classroom behaviour enforced in virtual world.

Mobile phones remain most importantly a social device, they allow students to participate in society in a way that is familiar to them. Because of this the reality is that most high school students now have mobiles and many are bringing them to school regardless of whether the school allows them to. The size of the device is small and light enough to be carried all the time,therefore students will rarely forget to bring their mobile phones (unlike their text books which will often be left at home). This small, always-on, and always available tool can be used as an eductors friend rather than a foe with the right mindset and abit or creativity.

I agree with Wallacewhen she states that ‘The road ahead for m-learning is bound to be bumpy, but mobile phones are already in most teachers’ and students’ hands’ therefore surely it is worth exploring and empracing the endless educational possiblities they provide. 

This link provides some great ideas on how to use mobile learning in the classroom – go on give a try, what have you got to loose!

References
Australian Communication and Media Authority (2009), Convergence and Communication. Accessed 6 October 2011 from http://www.acma.gov.au/webwr/_assets/main/lib100068/convergence_comms_rep-1_household_consumers.pdf

Hanna, C. (2009) Teachers urged to rethink mobile phone ban. Accessed 8 October 2011 from http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/technology/teachers-urged-to-rethink-mobile-phone-ban-20090623-cv80.html

Topsfield, J. (2011) School principal answers call to ditch mobile phone ban. Accessed 8 October 2011 from http://www.theage.com.au/national/education/school-principal-answers-call-to-ditch-mobile-phone-ban-20110529-1faxl.html#ixzz1byRaqMRb

Wallace, P. (2010) M-Learning: promises, perils, and challenges for K-12 education. Accessed 17/10/11 from http://education.jhu.edu/newhorizons/Journals/Winter2011/Wallace

Friday, 14 October 2011

Laptops and iPods in the Classroom



This YouTube video presents and describes how one particular teacher in America implements mobile technology in his classroom. He uses iPod Touches in conjunction with laptops to create an authentic learning experience where students are creating their own learning and knowledge. Instead of handing out the information needed for the task, the teacher guides the students’ search. With mobile technology readily available, the teacher is able to easily facilitate learning and also ensure that his students are information literate.

Firstly, students were using laptops at their desk to conduct research. The video showed them working collaboratively. On this occasion mobile technology provided opportunities for students to negotiate and work together in teams to complete tasks and develop new knowledge (Jenkins, 2006, p. 3). After researching, students created podcasts about their information. This process of researching can be described as inquiry based learning and Schultz (2007) discusses that inquiry-based learning has been recommended and supported by studies as the best way for students to develop a deep learning and understanding. The teacher then ensures that the children are able to be critical users of technology and discern ‘good’ information from ‘bad’. Campbell (2010) discusses that while students may display competency in using technology and web based programmes such as blogs, search engines and social networking sites, it cannot be assumed that they are research savvy as well. It is therefore highly important to develop information literacy so that students are able to successfully find and use information.

Lastly, the teacher ensures that parents and carers are engaged with the technology and its uses in the classroom. Students borrow the iPods to complete tasks, which means the parents see the value in their use.

This particular class teacher has seemed to successfully integrate two forms of mobile technology into their pedagogy, thereby allowing the children to construct their own learning and information and become information literate learners.

Campbell, M. (2010). Collaborations between Librarians and Faculty in a Digital Age. Education Digest: Essential Readings Condensed for Quick Review, 75(6), 30-33. Retrieved from EBSCO host

Kuhlthau, C., Maniotes, L. and Caspari, A. (2007). Guided Inquiry: learning in the 21 st century. Westport Conn: Libraries Unlimited

Schultz, J. (2007). The future of SOSE? Integrative inquiry is the answer. Social Educator; 25(3), p.11-16. Retrieved 24/8/2011 from http://search.informit.com.au.ezp01.library.qut.edu.au/fullText;dn=169136;res=AEIPT

Where Are All the Books?

http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/ipods-laptops-replacing-school-textbooks/story?id=8563292

This news article provides and interesting account of how there is a very real potential for mobile media to completely take over the educational system and make text redundant.

“For generations, school meant books -- lots of books. But not anymore. Around the country, from high school to grad school, textbooks are getting harder to find. Technology has made the library something that can fit into the palm of your hand.”

This is quite an eye-opening and almost horrifying concept for a paper lover like me. While as a teacher and avid user of technology and its many facets, I understand that it is important to implement mobile technology in the classroom. However, I did not realise that in some educational contexts and institutions, it was completely redundant.

Martin and Brouwer provide several reasons for this move away from paper material toward digital technology. While this is an American article, it can be assumed that eventually, ideas and practices will filter down and affect Australian teachers. Once particular school in America (Cushing Academy) dismantled their library entirely because it decided that its resources could be better used if they were electronic. Essentially, this means that students are more likely to use e-books and digital resources for directly from their laptops, rather than print materials. While there is underlying logic in this response to technology, I ask teachers reading this blog whether they think it is beneficial for students to be in a library environment that does not value print media.

The article also suggests that print materials are extremely expensive as they need to be constantly updated. However, mobile technology such as a laptop is less expensive in the long run as update to programmes and files happen automatically.

“There is another strike against traditional textbooks: They go out of date, sometimes within a year or so, and replacing them can cost a school district hundreds of thousands of dollars. But with new technology like e-books or handheld devices, updates can happen instantaneously.”

The ideas and actions by schools accounted for in this article suggest that mobile technology is having a ver profound impact on education, its teacher and its students. The evidence that the article provides suggests that students and teacher are reacting to the changes positively, with teacher adapting their teaching strategies to use new mobile technologies like iPods. Students are also adapting (at differing rates). However, again, I ask Australian teachers whether it is viable to completely rule out paper based learning, or can the two work together in a classroom?

References

Martin, R and Brouwer, C. (2009). Schools dump texxtbooks for ipods, laptops. Retrieved October 9, 2011 from http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/ipods-laptops-replacing-school-textbooks/story?id=8563292


Practice in Formation


Can I Transform my Practice?

“If we teach today, as we taught yesterday, we rob our children of tomorrow.” (John Dewey- American philosopher and psychologist)

As a newly graduated teacher (2010), I am thoroughly aware of the responsibilities that teachers have towards all the educational needs of our children. For me as a teacher (and teacher librarian), this means that not only do we need to teach our children, but we also need to provide students with the skills and abilities to engage with an increasingly technological world.

The acquisition and production of information has changed significantly due to the emergence of technologies such as laptops, iPods, reading devices such as Kindles and other mobile technologies. Increasingly, these are being used in a classroom context and have major implications on teachers and students. Instead of transforming my practice- I believe that it is only just forming- I think I will need to form my practice in terms of utilising mobile technology in my classroom.

As the quote above suggests, teachers need to teach their students in ways that are appropriate for modern society, rather using strategies and practices from decades ago. I believe that in my practice, I need to encourage my students to become critical users of technology so that they can develop valuable information literacy skills.

In order for me to be able to guide my students successfully through the quagmire of modern technology, it is highly important that I am able to understand and use it successfully. If I do not have this ability, I cannot expect to implement it in my classroom or library to its full potential. This is where professional development comes in. Within a staff community, it is important that teachers share their ideas regarding the implications of mobile technology in the classroom, and also their strategies for implementing it. In my future practice as a teacher and teacher librarian, I hope to be part of these sorts of professional partnerships. Often, people are willing to give up time to collaborate with peers and colleagues in order to learn and contribute (Kukulska-Hulme & Pettit, 2008). It would be my hope that with these teaching and learning opportunities, I would be able to be part of a hands-on learning experience to assist me in successfully implementing and using mobile technology (Kukulska-Hulme & Pettit, 2008).

Also, for mobile technology to be successfully implemented in the classroom, I think teachers and/or schools need to implement or develop a framework that is always under re-evaluation due to changing technologies and uses. Approaches to pedagogy need to be continually re-evaluated and respond directly to students’ and teachers’ changing capabilities (Cobcroft, Towers, Smith, Bruns, 2006). If I were formulating a framework of mobile learning I will ensure that is assessed using the following criteria:

- Is it significantly different form current theories of classroom, workplace or lifelong learning?

- Does it account for the mobility of learners?

- Does it cover both formal and informal learning?

- Does it theorise learning as a constructive and social process?

- Does it analyse learning as a personal and situated activity mediated by technology?

(Cobcroft, Towers, Smith, Bruns, 2006)

During this unit, and also others, I have learnt the importance of information literacy and student-directed learning. In my forming professional practice I hope to implement mobile technologies in such a way that teaches students about information literacy and optimises opportunities for exploration and growth. As a result of the application of mobile technologies within learning designs, students can be further empowered to undertake ‘user-led education,’ (and inquiry based learning). The introduction of mobile technologies in my pedagogy means that students will be creating their own content and collaborating with peers and communities within and beyond the classroom (Cobcroft, Towers, Smith, Bruns, 2006). Furthermore, my engaging with these new mobile technologies in my professional practice, I will be allowing my students the opportunities to be creative, collaborative, critical, communicative and engaged learners (Cobcroft, Towers, Smith, Bruns, 2006).

It is also important for me that parents and caregivers are engaged with what it happening in the classroom. Through my teaching and practice, I will be encouraging the use of mobile devices for educational purposes at school and at home. This way, parents will be able to see how their children are using technology and why it is valuable to their specific learning at school. Additionally, Pearson (2010) suggests that learning can become richer as mobile devices allow learner to access a variety of sources easily. The use of mobile technology such as laptops allows students to continue the work they do at school directly at home, which can then increase learning opportunities and outcomes of the students (Pearson, 2010). In my classroom, if I had access to mobile devices such as iPads or Nintendo DS’s, I would use these as early finisher or reward activities and provide ‘brain gym’ activities, literacy and numeracy puzzles and games, and other programmes that are engaging for students, yet have educational value.

I wish to leave you with another quote that has inspired my forming pedagogy in terms if the application of technology. If I am not able to use it correctly and successfully in the classroom, then there is no great benefit to using it at all.

“There can be infinite uses of the computer and new age technology, but if the teachers themselves are not able to bring it into the classroom and make it work, then it fails.” (Nancy Kassebaum- US Senator).

References

Cobcroft, S., Towers, S., Smith, J. & Bruns, A. (2006). Mobile learning in review: Opportunities and challenges for learners, teachers, and institutions. In Proceedings Online Learning and Teaching (OLT) Conference 2006. (pp. 21-30). Brisbane, Australia: Queensland University of Technology,

Kukulska-Hulme, A. & Pettit, J. (2008). Semi-formal learning communities for professional development in mobile learning. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 20 (2), pp. 35-47. Retrieved October 10, 2011, from ProQuest Database.

Pearson, C. (2010). Mobile learning in education – what to consider. Retrieved October 10, 2011, from http://learningdigitally.org/blog/archives/377